Imitha yemitha ephathwa ngesandla, ekwaziwa ngokuba sisixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla sokusasazeka ngemitha, sisixhobo esiphathwayo esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa kunye nokubona ubukho bemitha yokusasazeka kwindawo eyingqongileyo.Ezi zixhobo zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kwiingcali ezisebenza kumacandelo anjengamandla enyukliya, ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukubekw' esweni kwendalo, kunye nokusabela kukaxakeka, kunye nabantu abaxhalabileyo malunga nokuba sesichengeni ngemitha.
Ke, yenza njani aimitha yemitha ephathwayoumsebenzi?Ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokufunyanwa kwemitha kunye nokulinganisa.Kukho iindidi ezininzi zemitha yemitha ephathwa ngesandla, nganye isebenzisa ubuchwephesha obahlukeneyo ukubona nokulinganisa ukusasazeka kwemitha.Olunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo luyi-Geiger-Muller (GM) detector, equkethe ityhubhu egcwele igesi evelisa i-pulse yombane xa i-radiation isebenzisana ne-molecule yegesi ngaphakathi kwi-tube.Olunye uhlobo yi-scintillation detector, esebenzisa ikristale ekhupha ukukhanya xa ibethwe ngamasuntswana emitha.Ukongeza, ii-semiconductor detectors, ezifana nezo zisebenzisa isilicon okanye igermanium, zikwasetyenziswa kwiimitha zemitha eziphathwayo.
Xa imitha yemitha idibana nesixhobo, ivelisa umqondiso othi emva koko uqwalaselwe kwaye uboniswe kwiscreen sesixhobo.Ufundo lubandakanya iqondo lethamo lemitha, elichazwa kwiiyunithi ezifana ne-microsieverts ngeyure (µSv/h), kunye nethamo lilonke eliqokelelweyo kwithuba lexesha.Ezinye iimitha zemitha eziphathwayo eziphambili zinokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nodidi lwemitha yokusasazeka efunyenweyo, efana nealpha, i-beta, okanye igamma imitha.
Ukongeza ekubhaqweni nasekulinganiseni ukusasazeka kwemitha, iimitha zemitha eziphathwa ngesandla ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenziseke lula kwaye zithwaleke.Baxhotyiswe ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa.Iimodeli ezininzi zinoyilo oludibeneyo kunye nolukhaphukhaphu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuyiphatha kunye nokusebenza kwiisetingi ezahlukeneyo.Zihlala zibandakanya umboniso wedijithali obonisa amanqanaba emitha yexesha lokwenyani, kunye neealam ezivakalayo nezibonwayo zokwazisa umsebenzisi ngamanqanaba anokuba nobungozi bemitha.Ezinye izixhobo zikwabonelela ngezakhono zokuloga idatha, ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba barekhode kwaye bahlalutye imilinganiselo yemitha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Izicelo zeiimitha zemitha eziphathwa ngesandlazahlukahlukene kwaye zibanzi.Kwishishini lamandla enyukliya, ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni amanqanaba okusasazeka kwemitha kwimizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya, amaziko ophando, nangexesha lothutho lwemathiriyeli yokusasazeka ngemitha.Kukhathalelo lwempilo, baqeshelwe ukulinganisa ukuvezwa kwemitha kwiinkqubo zokucinga zonyango kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bezonyango kunye nezigulana.Ii-arhente zokubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo zisebenzisa iimitha zemitha eziphathwa ngesandla ukuvavanya amanqanaba okusasazeka kwemitha kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezichatshazelwa ziingozi zenyukliya okanye ungcoliseko lokusasazeka ngemitha.Ngaphaya koko, abaphenduli bexesha likaxakeka baxhomekeke kwezi zixhobo ukuvavanya iingozi zemitha ngexesha lezehlo ezinjengeengozi zemizi-mveliso, iintlekele zendalo, okanye izenzo zobugrogrisi ezibandakanya izixhobo zokusasazeka ngemitha.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa iimitha zemitha ephathwayo zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zokubona kunye nokulinganisa ukusasazeka kwemitha, aziyithathi indawo yeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko lokusasazeka kunye namanyathelo okukhusela.Abasebenzisi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi zixhobo kwaye baqonde unyino lwemitha yemitha ephathwayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusasazeka ngemitha.Ukongezelela, ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo nethembekileyo.
Ukuququmbela,iimitha zemitha eziphathwa ngesandlaidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iingozi ezinokubakho zokusasazeka ngemitha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobungcali nezobuqu.Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokubona ephucukileyo kunye neempawu ezisebenziseka lula, ezi zixhobo ziphathwayo zenza abantu kunye nemibutho ibeke iliso kwaye isabele kwiingozi zemitha ngokufanelekileyo.Ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani iimitha zemitha eziphathwa ngesandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukhuseleko lokusasazeka kwemitha kunye nokukhusela impilo yoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-20-2024