Ukujongwa kwemitha yinkalo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwiindawo apho imitha ye-ionizing ikhona. Imitha ye-ionizing, ebandakanya imitha ye-gamma ekhutshwa yi-isotopes efana ne-cesium-137, ibeka imingcipheko enkulu yempilo, ifuna iindlela ezisebenzayo zokubeka iliso. Eli nqaku liphonononga imigaqo kunye neendlela zokubeka iliso kwimitha, igxininise kubuchwephesha obuqeshiweyo, kunye nezinye.radiationmi-onitoringdiingxakiesetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo .
Ukuqonda Imitha kunye neziphumo zayo
I-ionizing radiation ibonakaliswe ngokukwazi ukususa ii-electron eziboshwe ngokuqinileyo kwii-athomu, ezikhokelela ekubunjweni kwamasuntswana ahlawuliweyo okanye i-ion. Le nkqubo inokubangela umonakalo kwiithishu zebhayoloji, ezinokuthi zibangele i-acute radiation syndrome okanye iziphumo zempilo zexesha elide ezinjengomhlaza. Ke ngoko, ukujonga amanqanaba okusasazeka kwemitha kubalulekile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amaziko ezonyango, amaziko ombane enyukliya, kunye neendawo zokukhangela ukhuseleko kumda.
Imigaqo-siseko yokuJonga iRadiation
Umthetho-siseko osisiseko wokujongwa kokusasazeka kwemitha ubandakanya ukufumanisa kunye nokulinganisa ubukho bemitha ye-ionizing kwindawo enikiweyo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusetyenziswa kwee-detectors ezahlukeneyo eziphendula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha, kubandakanywa amasuntswana e-alpha, amasuntswana e-beta, i-gamma ray, kunye ne-neutron. Ukukhetha umtshini kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye nohlobo lwemitha ebekwe esweni.
Ii-detectors ezisetyenziswa kuHlolo lweRadiation
1. IiPlastiki Scintillators:
I-Plastic scintillators zizixhobo zokubona izinto ezininzi ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zokubeka iliso kwimitha. Ubulula babo kunye nobume bendalo bubenza bafanelekele izixhobo eziphathekayo. Xa imitha ye-gamma idibana ne-scintillator, ivelisa ukukhanya okunokubonwa kwaye kulinganiswe. Le propathi ivumela ukubekwa esweni okusebenzayo kwamanqanaba emitha ngexesha lokwenyani, ukwenza ii-scintillators zeplastiki zibe lukhetho oludumileyoRPMiinkqubo.
2. I-He-3 yeGesi ngokuLungelelaniswa kweCounter:
I-He-3 yegesi yokulinganisa ikhawunta yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuchongwa kwe-neutron. Isebenza ngokuzalisa igumbi ngegesi ye-helium-3, enovelwano kwintsebenziswano ye-neutron. Xa i-neutron ingqubana ne-nucleus ye-helium-3, ivelisa amasuntswana ahlawulisiweyo ayenza i-ionize igesi, ekhokelela kumqondiso olinganisekayo wombane. Olu hlobo lomtshini lubalulekile kwiindawo apho imitha ye-neutron ixhalabisayo, njengezixhobo zenyukliya kunye neelebhu zophando.
3. Izikhangeli zeSodium Iodide (NaI):
Izixhobo zokujonga i-sodium iodide zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-gamma-ray spectroscopy kunye nokuchongwa kwe-nuclide. Ezi zichongi zenziwe ngekristale yesodium iodide efakwe ithallium, ekhupha ukukhanya xa imitha ye-gamma idibana nekristale. Ukukhanya okukhutshiweyo emva koko kuguqulelwa kwisignali yombane, evumela ukuchongwa kwee-isotopes ezithile ngokusekelwe kwiisignesha zabo zamandla. Ii-detectors ze-NaI zixabiseke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezifuna ukuchongwa okuchanekileyo kwemathiriyeli ye-radioactive.
4. I-Geiger-Müller (GM) iZibali zeMibhobho:
Izixhobo zokubala ityhubhu yeGM ziphakathi kwezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo zealam zomntu ezisetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwimitha. Zisebenza kakuhle ekuboneni ii-X-reyi kunye ne-gamma ray. I-tube ye-GM isebenza nge-ionizing igesi ngaphakathi ityhubhu xa i-radiation idlula kuyo, okubangela ukuba kubekho i-pulse yombane enokulinganiswa. Le teknoloji isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiidosimitha zobuqu kunye neemitha zovavanyo oluphathwa ngesandla, ibonelela ngengxelo ekhawulezileyo kumanqanaba okuvezwa kwemitha.
Imfuneko yokuJonga iRadiation kuBomi bemihla ngemihla
Ukuhlolwa kwemitha akuphelelanga kwizibonelelo ezikhethekileyo; yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ubukho bemitha yemvelaphi yendalo, kunye nemithombo eyenziweyo evela kwiinkqubo zonyango kunye nezicelo zamashishini, kufuna ukuba kubekwe iliso rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loluntu. Izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, amazibuko, kunye nezibonelelo zokuphuma kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokubeka iliso kwimitha ephucukileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuthuthwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwezixhobo zokusasazeka ngemitha, ngaloo ndlela zikhusela uluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
NgokuqhelekileyoUsedRadiationMi-onitoringDiingxaki
1. I-Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM):
RPMsziinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo eziyilelwe ixesha lokwenyani esweni oluzenzekelayo gamma radiation kunye neutron. Zidla ngokufakelwa kwiindawo zokungena ezifana nezikhululo zeenqwelomoya, amazibuko, kunye neendawo zokungena ukuze kubonwe uthutho olungekho mthethweni lwemathiriyeli yeradioactive. IiRPM zihlala zisebenzisa ii-scintillators zeplastiki ezinomthamo omkhulu, ezisebenzayo ekuboneni imitha ye-gamma ngenxa yobuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nexesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Inkqubo ye-scintillation ibandakanya ukukhutshwa kokukhanya xa i-radiation idibanisa kunye nezinto zeplastiki, eziguqulwa zibe ngumqondiso wombane wokuhlalutya.Ukongezelela, iityhubhu ze-neutron kunye ne-sodium iodide detectors zingafakwa ngaphakathi kwesixhobo ukuze kusebenze imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo.
2. Isixhobo sokuchonga iRadioisotope (RIID):
(RIID)sisixhobo sokubeka iliso senyukliya esisekwe kwisixhobo sokujonga i-iodide yesodium kunye neteknoloji ephuculweyo yedijithali yenyukliya yepulse waveform.
3.Idosimitha yoMntu ye-elektroniki (EPD):
Idosimeter yomntusisixhobo esibambeneyo, esinxitywayo sokubeka iliso kwimitha eyilelwe abasebenzi abasebenza kwiindawo ezinokuba ne-radioactive. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqeshwa i-tube detector ye-Geiger-Müller (GM), ifom yayo encinci ivumela ukunxitywa kwexesha elide lokujonga ixesha lokwenyani ledosi ye-radiation eqokelelweyo kunye neqondo lethamo. Xa utyhileko lungaphaya kwemida ye-alam esetwe kwangaphambili, isixhobo silumkisa lowo usinxibileyo ngoko nangoko, simbonisa ukuba aphume kwindawo eyingozi.
Ukuqukumbela
Isishwankathelo, ukubeka iliso kwi-radiation sisenzo esibalulekileyo esisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwindawo apho imitha ye-ionizing ikhona. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Radiation Portal Monitors, i-scintillators yeplastiki, i-He-3 ye-gesi proportional counters, i-sodium iodide detectors, kunye ne-tube counters ye-GM ibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo zokufumanisa kunye nokulinganisa i-radiation. Ukuqonda imithetho-siseko kunye nobuchwepheshe obusemva kokuhlolwa kwemitha kubalulekile ekukhuseleni impilo yoluntu kunye nokugcina imigangatho yokhuseleko kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Njengoko ithekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokubeka iliso ngemitha ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kuphucuka, kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukukwazi kwethu ukubona kunye nokusabela kwiingozi zemitha ngexesha lokwenyani.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-24-2025