Iindidi zemitha yemitha ye-non-ionizing radiation
Eminye imizekelo yemitha ye-non-ionizing kukukhanya okubonakalayo, amaza erediyo, kunye nee-microwaves (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Imitha ye-non-ionizing yimitha yamandla esezantsi engenawo amandla okwaneleyo okususa ii-electron kwii-athom okanye iiathomu, nokuba kumcimbi okanye kwizinto eziphilayo.Noko ke, amandla ayo anokwenza ezo molekyuli zingcangcazele zize zivelise ubushushu.Oku, umzekelo, zisebenza njani ii-oveni ze-microwave.
Kubantu abaninzi, imitha ye-non-ionizing ayibeki mngcipheko kwimpilo yabo.Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi abanxibelelana rhoqo nemithombo ethile yemitha ye-non-ionizing banokufuna amanyathelo akhethekileyo okuzikhusela, umzekelo, ubushushu obuveliswayo.
Eminye imizekelo yemitha ye-non-ionizing ibandakanya amaza erediyo kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo.Ukukhanya okubonakalayo luhlobo lwemitha ye-non-ionizing enokuthi iliso lomntu libone.Kwaye amaza onomathotholo luhlobo lwemitha ye-non-ionizing engabonakaliyo emehlweni ethu kunye nezinye iimvakalelo, kodwa enokuthi igqitywe ngonomathotholo bendabuko.
I-ionizing radiation
Eminye imizekelo yemitha ye-ionizing ibandakanya ezinye iintlobo zonyango lomhlaza kusetyenziswa imitha ye-gamma, ii-X-reyi, kunye nemitha yemitha ekhutshwa kwizixhobo ze-radioactive ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo zamandla enyukliya (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
I-ionizing radiation luhlobo lwemitha yemitha yamandla anjalo anokuthi akhuphe ii-elektroni kwii-athom okanye iiathom, ezibangela utshintsho kwinqanaba le-athomu xa lisebenzisana nezinto ezibandakanya izinto eziphilayo.Utshintsho olunjalo ludla ngokubandakanya ukuveliswa kwee-ion (i-athomu ezihlawuliswa ngombane okanye iimolekyuli) - ngoko ke igama elithi "ionizing" imitha.
Kwidosi ephezulu, imitha ye-ionizing inokonakalisa iiseli okanye amalungu emizimbeni yethu okanye ibangele ukufa.Ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kunye needosi kunye namanyathelo okukhusela ayimfuneko, olu hlobo lwemitha lunosetyenziso oluninzi oluluncedo, njengokuvelisa amandla, kumashishini, kuphando kunye nokuxilongwa kwezonyango kunye nonyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nomhlaza.Ngelixa ukulawulwa kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yokusasazeka ngemitha kunye nokhuseleko lokusasazeka kwemitha kuluxanduva lwesizwe, i-IAEA ibonelela ngenkxaso kubenzi bomthetho kunye nabalawuli ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ebanzi yemigangatho yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe ejolise ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kunye nezigulana kunye namalungu oluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwizinto ezinokubakho. iziphumo ezinobungozi zemitha ye-ionizing.
Imitha ye-non-ionizing kunye ne-ionizing ine-wavelength eyahlukileyo, ehambelana ngqo namandla ayo.(Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA).
Inzululwazi emva kokubola kwe-radioactive kunye nesiphumo semitha
Inkqubo apho i-athomu ye-radioactive izinza ngakumbi ngokukhupha amasuntswana kunye namandla kuthiwa "i-radioactive decay".(Ulwazi: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Imitha ye-ionizing inokuvela, umzekelo,ezingazinzanga (radioactive) athomnjengoko betshintshela kwisimo esizinzileyo ngelixa bekhupha amandla.
Uninzi lweeathom eziseMhlabeni zizinzile, ubukhulu becala bubulela ukwakhiwa kwamasuntswana (neutrons kunye neeprotons) kwiziko labo (okanye kwinucleus).Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindidi zeeathom ezingazinzanga, ukubunjwa kwenani leeproton kunye neutron kwinucleus yazo ayibavumeli ukuba babambe loo masuntswana kunye.Iiathom ezinjalo ezingazinzanga zibizwa ngokuba "ziiathom ze-radioactive".Xa iiathom ezine-radioactive zibola, zikhupha amandla ngendlela yemitha ye-ionizing (umzekelo amasuntswana e-alpha, amasuntswana e-beta, imitha ye-gamma okanye i-neutron), ethi, xa ibotshwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye isetyenziswe, inokuvelisa iingenelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-11-2022