EUnited States, isibini esithathwini sezixhobo zombane zii-pressurized water reactors (PWR) kwaye ezinye zii-boiling water reactors (BWR).Kwi-reactor yamanzi abilayo, eboniswe ngasentla, amanzi avunyelwe ukuba abile abe ngumphunga, aze athunyelwe nge-injini yomoya ukuvelisa umbane.
Kwii-reactors zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo, amanzi angundoqo abanjwe phantsi koxinzelelo kwaye akavumelekanga ukuba abile.Ubushushu bukhutshelwa emanzini ngaphandle kombindi kunye nesitshintshi sobushushu (esikwabizwa ngokuba yijenereyitha yomphunga), ukubilisa amanzi angaphandle, ukuvelisa umphunga, kunye nokunika amandla iturbine.Kwizixhobo ezixinzelelekileyo zamanzi, amanzi abilisiweyo ahlukene nenkqubo yokuqhekeka, kwaye ke akabi yiradioactive.
Emva kokuba umphunga usetyenziselwe ukunika amandla i-injini yomoya, iyapholiswa ukuze ijiye ibuyele emanzini.Ezinye izityalo zisebenzisa amanzi emilambo, amachibi okanye elwandle ukupholisa umphunga, ngelixa ezinye zisebenzisa iinqaba zokupholisa ezinde.Iinqaba zokupholisa ezimile okwehourglass luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwezityalo ezininzi zenyukliya.Kwiyunithi nganye yombane oveliswa liziko lamandla enyukliya, malunga neeyunithi ezimbini zobushushu benkunkuma zaliwe kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Amaziko okurhweba amandla enyukliya aqala ngobukhulu ukusuka malunga nama-megawathi angama-60 kwisizukulwana sokuqala sezityalo ebutsheni beminyaka yoo-1960, ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-1000 yeemegawathi.Izityalo ezininzi ziqulathe ngaphezulu kwesixhobo esinye.Isityalo sasePalo Verde e-Arizona, umzekelo, senziwe ngama-reactors amathathu ahlukeneyo, nganye inomthamo we-1,334 megawatts.
Olunye uyilo lwe-reactor yangaphandle lisebenzisa izinto zokupholisa ngaphandle kwamanzi ukuthwala ubushushu be-fission kude nombindi.Ii-reactors zaseCanada zisebenzisa amanzi alayishwe nge-deuterium (ebizwa ngokuba "ngamanzi anzima"), ngelixa ezinye zipholile ngegesi.Omnye umzi-mveliso eColorado, ngoku ovalwe ngokusisigxina, wasebenzisa irhasi yehelium njengento yokupholisa (ebizwa ngokuba yi-High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor).Izityalo ezimbalwa zisebenzisa isinyithi engamanzi okanye isodiyam.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-11-2022