Kwixesha apho ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu, imfuno yokufunyanwa kwemitha esebenzayo ayizange ibaluleke kakhulu. Esinye sezixhobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwesi sizindaI-Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM).Esi sixhobo siphucukileyo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhaqeni nasekuchongeni imathiriyeli yokusasazeka ngemitha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo bahlala bekhuselekile kwiingozi ezinokubakho. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga indlela esebenza ngayo i-radiation portal monitor, izinto zayo, kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqonda iiMonitors zePortal yeRadiation
IRadiation Portal Monitors ziinkqubo ezikhethekileyo eziyilelwe ukubona i-gamma kunye ne-neutron radiation njengoko abantu okanye izithuthi zidlula kuzo. Ezi monitor ziqhele ukufakwa kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo ezifana nokunqumla imida, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya. Eyona njongo iphambili yeRPM kukuchonga ukurhweba ngokungekho mthethweni kwemathiriyeli yeradioactive, enjeCesium-137,enokuthi ibeke isoyikiso kukhuseleko loluntu.
Amacandelo eSibonelelo sePortal yeRadiation
Ujongo oluqhelekileyo lwe-radiation portal lunamacandelo aphambili aliqela asebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ubhaqo oluchanekileyo kunye nokulinganisa amanqanaba emitha:
1. IiSensors zokubona: Intliziyo yayo nayiphi naRPMzizivamvo zokubona kwayo. Ezi zivamvo ziyilelwe ukulinganisa ubunzulu bemitha yemitha ekhutshwa kwizinto ezidlula kwi-portal. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zezivamvo ezisetyenziswa kwi-RPM zibandakanya i-scintillation detectors, i-plastiki scintillators ukubona i-γ imitha, kunye nezinye zixhotyiswe nge-iodide ye-sodium (NaI) kunye ne-He-3 ye-gas proportional counters ukuchongwa kwe-nuclide kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-neutron. Uhlobo ngalunye luneenzuzo zalo kwaye lukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zendawo yokubeka iliso.
2. Iyunithi yokuLungiswa kweDatha: Emva kokuba i-sensors zokubona zithatha i-radiation, idatha ithunyelwa kwiyunithi yokucubungula. Le yunithi ihlalutya imiqondiso efunyenwe kwi-sensors kwaye imisela ukuba amanqanaba emitha ye-radiation adlula imida echazwe kwangaphambili. Iyunithi yokusetyenzwa ixhotyiswe nge-algorithms ekwaziyo ukwahlula phakathi kwemitha yesiqhelo yangasemva kunye namanqanaba anokuba yingozi emitha.
3. I-Alarm System: Ukuba iyunithi yokucubungula idatha ichonga amanqanaba emitha edlula umqobo wokhuseleko, ibangela i-alamu. Le alarm ingabonakala (efana nezibane ezidanyazayo) okanye ivakale (ezifana ne-sirens), ilumkisa abasebenzi bokhuseleko ukuba baphande ngokubhekele phaya. Inkqubo ye-alamu iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo, njengoko iqinisekisa ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwizinto ezisongelayo.
4. I-Interface yomsebenzisi: Uninzi lwe-RPM luza kunye ne-interface yomsebenzisi evumela abaqhubi ukuba babeke iliso kwidatha yexesha langempela, ukuphonononga idatha yembali, kunye nokuqwalasela izicwangciso. Olu jongano lubalulekile ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo kwaye lunceda abasebenzi ukuba benze izigqibo ezisekelwe kwidatha eqokelelweyo.
5. Ubonelelo loMbane: Iiphothali zemitha zokuhlola zifuna unikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo ukuze lusebenze ngokufanelekileyo. IiRPM ezininzi zanamhlanje ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenze kumandla ombane asemgangathweni, kodwa ezinye zinokubandakanya iinkqubo zebhetri ezigciniweyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngexesha lokumka kombane.
Zisebenza njani iiMonitor zeRadiation Portal
Ukusebenza kwe-a esweni radiation portal ingahlulwa ibe ngamanyathelo angundoqo aliqela:
1. Ukufumanisa: Njengoko umntu okanye isithuthi sisondela kwi-RPM, i-sensors zokubona ziqala ukulinganisa amanqanaba emitha aphuma kwinto. Abenzi boluvo basoloko behlola imitha ye-gamma kunye ne-neutron, ezizezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zemitha yemitha ehambelana nemathiriyeli ye-radioactive.
2. Uhlalutyo lwedatha: Izibonakaliso ezifunyenwe ngababonisi bokubona zithunyelwa kwiyunithi yokucubungula idatha. Apha, idatha ihlalutywa ngexesha langempela. Iyunithi yokucubungula ithelekisa amanqanaba okusasazeka kwemitha ngokuchasene nemigangatho emiselweyo ukumisela ukuba amanqanaba aqhelekileyo okanye abonisa isoyikiso esinokubakho.
3. I-Alarm Activation: Ukuba amanqanaba emitha angaphezulu komda wokhuseleko, iyunithi yokucubungula idatha yenza i-alamu isebenze. Esi silumkiso sikhuthaza abasebenzi bokhuseleko ukuba bathathe inyathelo elikhawulezileyo, elinokubandakanya ukuhlolwa ngakumbi komntu okanye isithuthi ekuthethwa ngaso.
4. Impendulo kunye noPhando: Ekufumaneni i-alam, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo baya kuqhuba uhlolo lwesibini besebenzisa izixhobo eziphathwayo zokubona ukukhanya kwemitha. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubukho bemathiriyeli ye-radioactive kunye nokumisela impendulo efanelekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeMonitor ze-Radiation Portal
Iimonitha ze-radiation portal ziqeshwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineemfuno zayo kunye nemingeni:
1. Ukhuseleko lwemida:RPMszidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimida yamazwe ngamazwe ukunqanda ukuthutyeleziswa kwemathiriyeli yeradioactive. Banceda amaziko ajongene nokukhusela imida nemida ukuba abone izisongelo ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba angene elizweni.
2. IZibonelelo zeNyukliya: Kwimizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya kunye nezibonelelo zophando, iiRPM zibalulekile ekubekeni iliso kwintshukumo yemathiriyeli. Baqinisekisa ukuba imichiza ye-radioactive iphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kuyathintelwa.
3. IiNdawo zoThutho: Izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya kunye nezikhululo zolwandle zisebenzisa ii-RPMs ukujonga imithwalo kunye nabakhweli ukuba babone izinto zokusasazeka ngemitha. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kumxholo wokhuseleko lwehlabathi kunye nokuthintela ubugrogrisi.
4. Imisitho kawonke-wonke: Iindibano ezinkulu, ezinjengeekonsathi okanye imisitho yezemidlalo, zisenokusebenzisa iiRPM ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo bazileyo. Aba bahloli banceda ekubhaqeni naziphi na izoyikiso ezinokuvela kubukho bemathiriyeli ye-radioactive.
Izijongi zemitha yemitha zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kwiinzame eziqhubekayo zokukhusela impilo yoluntu kunye nokhuseleko. Ngokufumanisa ngempumelelo kunye nokuchonga imathiriyeli ye-radioactive,RPMsidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukurhweba ngokungekho mthethweni kwezinto eziyingozi. Ukuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo aba balindi, ukusuka kumacandelo abo ukuya kwizicelo zabo, kuqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwabo kwihlabathi apho ukhuseleko lungumbandela ophambili. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, sinokulindela ukuba iinkqubo zokubona ukukhanya ngokusasazeka kwemitha zibe nobuchule ngakumbi, ngakumbi ukomeleza amandla ethu okuzikhusela thina kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiingozi ezinokubakho zokusasazeka ngemitha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-21-2025